High-Density Pixel Imaging Sensor Readout Electronics for Space Applications: A Design Overview

Author:

Minuti Massimo1,Sgrò Carmelo1,Baldini Luca12,Bellazzini Ronaldo1,Brez Alessandro1,Castellano Simone1,Di Lalla Niccolo1ORCID,Latronico Luca3,Maldera Simone3ORCID,Manfreda Alberto1,Pesce-Rollins Melissa1,Spandre Gloria1,Barbanera Mattia4,Citraro Saverio1,Lucchesi Leonardo1,Magazzù Carlo1,Magazzù Guido1,Mereu Paolo3,Mosti Federico3,Nuti Alessio1,Orsini Leonardo1ORCID,Nasimi Hikmat1,Pinchera Michele1,Zanetti Davide1,Borotto Fabio3,Ceccanti Marco1,Marengo Marco3,Profeti Alessandro1,Caporale Ciro3,Cardelli Claudia1,Tardiola Marcello3,Amici Fabrizio5,Attinà Primo5,Bachetti Matteo6,Brienza Daniele5,Centrone Mauro6,Costa Enrico5ORCID,Del Monte Ettore5,Di Cosimo Sergio5,Di Marco Alessandro5ORCID,Di Persio Giuseppe5,Evangelista Yuri5ORCID,Fabiani Sergio5ORCID,Ferrazzoli Riccardo5,La Monaca Fabio5ORCID,Lefevre Carlo5,Loffredo Pasqualino5,Morbidini Alfredo5,Muleri Fabio5ORCID,Perri Matteo6,Piazzolla Raffaele5,Pilia Maura6ORCID,Rankin John5ORCID,Ratheesh Ajay5,Rubini Alda5,Santoli Francesco5,Scalise Emanuele5,Soffitta Paolo5,Tobia Antonino5,Trois Alessio7,Xie Fei5ORCID,Carpentiero Rita8,Castronuovo Marco8,Cavazzuti Elisabetta8ORCID,D’Amico Fabio8,Donnarumma Immacolata8,Negri Barbara8,Puccetti Simonetta8,Cavalli Luca9,D’Alba Elisa9,Lorenzi Paolo9,Mangraviti Elio9,Sarra Paolo9,Sciortino Andrea9,Vimercati Marco9,Pieraccini Stefano9,Zanetti Francesco9

Affiliation:

1. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-561277 Pisa, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Fisica “Enrico Fermi”, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-561277 Pisa, Italy

3. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Via P. Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy

4. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Italia, Via Pascoli 23c, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

5. Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy

6. INAF Osservatotio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, I-00078 Roma, Italy

7. INAF Osservatotio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-090477 Selargius, Italy

8. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico Snc, I-00133 Roma, Italy

9. OHB Italia, Via Gallarate 150, I-20151 Milano, Italy

Abstract

With the specialization of VLSI ASICs for front-end signal processing electronics, the customization of the control back-end electronics (BEE) has become critical to fully deploy the ASIC performance. In the context of space operations, with typical constraints on power and reliability, the design and qualification of such integrated systems present significant challenges. In this paper, we review the design and performance of the BEE systems after two years of operations in low Earth orbit (LEO); these systems read out the custom ASICs inside the gas pixel detectors, which are located at the heart of the imaging X-ray polarimetry explorer (IXPE), a NASA-ASI small explorer mission designed to measure X-ray polarization in the 2–8 keV energy range.

Funder

Italian Space Agency

ASI Space Science Data Center

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Computer Networks and Communications,Hardware and Architecture,Signal Processing,Control and Systems Engineering

Reference13 articles.

1. Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer: Prelaunch;Weisskopf;J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.,2022

2. Design, Construction, and Test of the Gas Pixel Detectors for the IXPE Mission;Baldini;Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip.,2021

3. Reading a GEM with a VLSI pixel ASIC used as a direct charge collecting anode;Bellazzini;Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip.,2004

4. The Instrument of the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer;Soffitta;Astron. J.,2021

5. Direct reading of charge multipliers with a self-triggering CMOS analog chip with 105k pixels at 50 μm pitch;Bellazzini;Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers Detect. Assoc. Equip.,2006

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