High Incidence of Strawberry Polerovirus 1 in the Czech Republic and Its Vectors, Genetic Variability and Recombination

Abstract

In total, 332 strawberry plants from 33 different locations in the Czech Republic with or without disease symptoms were screened by RT-PCR for the presence of strawberry polerovirus 1 (SPV1) and five other viruses: strawberry mottle virus, strawberry crinkle virus, strawberry mild yellow edge virus, strawberry vein banding virus, and strawberry virus 1. SPV1 was detected in 115 tested strawberry plants (35%), including 89 mixed infections. No correlation between symptoms and the detected viruses was found. To identify potential invertebrate SPV1 vectors, strawberry-associated invertebrate species were screened by RT-PCR, and the virus was found in the aphids Aphis forbesi, A. gossypii, A. ruborum, A.sanquisorbae, Aulacorthum solani, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Myzus ascalonicus, and several other non-aphid invertebrate species. SPV1 was also detected in aphid honeydew. Subsequent tests of C. fragaefolii and A.gossypii virus transmission ability showed that at least 4 h of acquisition time were needed to acquire the virus. However, 1 day was sufficient for inoculation using C. fragaefolii. In conclusion, being aphid-transmitted like other tested viruses SPV1 was nevertheless the most frequently detected agent. Czech SPV1 isolates belonged to at least two phylogenetic clusters. The sequence analysis also indicated that recombination events influence evolution of SPV1 genomes.