1. Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
2. College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
3. Cyber Security Innovation (CSI) Research Centre, Aston Business School, Aston St, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
4. Faculty of Technology Sciences, Zalingei University, Zalingei P.O. Box 6, Central Darfur, Sudan
5. Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia