Affiliation:
1. School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Analytical and Testing Center, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
Abstract
The family Scolopacidae presents a valuable subject for evolutionary research; however, molecular studies of Scolopacidae are still relatively understudied, and the phylogenetic relationships of certain species remain unclear. In this study, we sequenced and obtained complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from Actitis hypoleucos and partial mtDNA from Numenius arquata, Limosa limosa, and Limnodromus semipalmatus. The complete mtDNA contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a control region. Scolopacidae contained three types of start codons and five types of stop codons (including one incomplete stop codon, T--). In 13 protein-coding genes, average uncorrected pairwise distances (Aupd) revealed that ATP8 was the least conserved while COX3 had the lowest evolutionary rate. The ratio of Ka/Ks suggested that all PCGs were under purifying selection. Using two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of the family Scolopacidae, it was found that the genera Xenus and Actitis were clustered into another sister group, while the genus Phalaropus is more closely related to the genus Tringa. The genera Limnodromus, Gallinago, and Scolopax form a monophyletic group. This study improves our understanding of the evolutionary patterns and phylogenetic relationships of the family Scolopacidae.
Funder
the Program of Nature Science Fund of Jiangsu Province
Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China
National College Students’ innovation and entrepreneurship training program
Reference47 articles.
1. The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Numenius minutus (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae): Comparative and Phylogenetic Analysis;Chen;Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resour.,2022
2. Gill, F., Donsker, D., and Rasmussen, P. (2024, April 13). IOC World Bird List (v14.1). Available online: https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/.
3. The Phylogeny of the Charadriiformes (Aves): A New Estimate Using the Method of Character Compatibility Analysis;Strauch;Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,1978
4. Phylogenetic Reanalysis of Strauch’s Osteological Data Set for the Charadriiformes;Chu;Condor,1995
5. Fain, M.G., and Houde, P. (2007). Multilocus Perspectives on the Monophyly and Phylogeny of the Order Charadriiformes (Aves). BMC Evol. Biol., 7.