Automating the Short-Loading Cycle: Survey and Integration Framework

Abstract

The short-loading cycle is a construction task where a wheel loader scoops material from a nearby pile in order to move that material to the tipping body of a dump truck. The short-loading cycle is a vital task performed in high quantities and is often part of a more extensive never-ending process to move material for further refinement. This, together with the highly repetitive nature of the short-loading cycle, makes it a suitable candidate for automation. However, the short-loading cycle is a complex task where the mechanics of the wheel loader together with the interaction between the wheel loader and the environment needs to be considered. This must be achieved while maintaining some productivity goal and, concurrently, minimizing the used energy. The main objective of this work is to analyze the short-loading cycle, assess the current state of research in this field, and discuss the steps required to progress towards a minimal viable product consisting of individual automation solutions that can perform the short-loading cycle well enough to be used by early adopters. This is achieved through a comprehensive literature study and consequent analysis of the review results. From this analysis, the requirements of an MVP are defined and some gaps which are currently hindering the realization of the MVP are presented.