High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery Using Substituted LiCoPO4: Electrochemical and Safety Performance of 1.2 Ah Pouch Cell

Abstract

A LiCoPO4-based high-voltage lithium-ion battery was fabricated in the format of a 1.2 Ah pouch cell that exhibited a highly stable cycle life at a cut-off voltage of 4.9 V. The high-voltage stability was achieved using a Fe-Cr-Si multi-ion-substituted LiCoPO4 cathode and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in 1-methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfony)imide as the electrolyte. Due to the improved electrochemical stability at high voltage, the cell exhibited a stable capacity retention of 91% after 290 cycles without any gas evolution related to electrolyte decomposition at high voltage. In addition to improved cycling stability, the nominal 5 V LiCoPO4 pouch cell also exhibited excellent safety performance during a nail penetration safety test compared with a state-of-the-art lithium ion battery. Meanwhile, the thermal stabilities of the 1.2 Ah pouch cell as well as the delithiated LiCoPO4 were also studied by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and reported.