Quantum Vacuum: The Structure of Empty Space–Time and Quintessence with Gauge Symmetry Group SU(2) ⊗ U(1)

Abstract

We consider the formation of structured and massless particles with spin 1, by using the Yang–Mills-like stochastic equations system for the group symmetry S U ( 2 ) ⊗ U ( 1 ) without taking into account the nonlinear term characterizing self-action. We prove that, in the first phase of relaxation, as a result of multi-scale random fluctuations of quantum fields, massless particles with spin 1, further referred as hions, are generated in the form of statistically stable quantized structures, which are localized on 2D topological manifolds. We also study the wave state and the geometrical structure of the hion when as a free particle and, accordingly, while it interacts with a random environment becoming a quasi-particle with a finite lifetime. In the second phase of relaxation, the vector boson makes spontaneous transitions to other massless and mass states. The problem of entanglement of two hions with opposite projections of the spins + 1 and − 1 and the formation of a scalar zero-spin boson are also thoroughly studied. We analyze the properties of the scalar field and show that it corresponds to the Bose–Einstein (BE) condensate. The scalar boson decay problems, as well as a number of features characterizing the stability of BE condensate, are also discussed. Then, we report on the structure of empty space–time in the context of new properties of the quantum vacuum, implying on the existence of a natural quantum computer with complicated logic, which manifests in the form of dark energy. The possibilities of space–time engineering are also discussed.