Factors Affecting Masticatory Performance of Older Adults Are Sex-Dependent: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

This cross-sectional study assessed the oral and physical factors contributing to improvement of the masticatory performance of community-dwelling older adults in South Korea. We enrolled 84 healthy older adults (38 men, 46 women; age, 71.40 ± 5.15 years) and assessed their skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), functional tooth units (FTUs), and mixing ability index (MAI). Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and the effects of SMI and FTUs on the MAI were evaluated through linear multiple regression. FTUs were positively associated with the MAI in men and women (r = 0.339, p = 0.038 and r = 0.461, p = 0.001, respectively). SMI and FTUs were moderately associated in men (r = 0.459, p = 0.004). MAI showed an approximately 4.4 times increase for each FTU in men (B = 4.442, p = 0.037); however, after the SMI was added, this effect was no longer significant. In women, the MAI increased by about 6.7 times with each FTU (B = 6.685, p = 0.004). FTUs had a significant effect on the MAI only in women with low muscle mass. While there was no significant effect of the SMI on the MAI, its influence should not be overlooked.