Implementation of the South African Triage Scale (SATS) in a New Ambulance System in Beira, Mozambique: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

In 2019, an urban ambulance system was deployed in the city of Beira, Mozambique to refer patients from peripheral health centres (HCs) to the only hospital of the city (Beira Central Hospital—HCB). Initially, the system worked following a first-in–first-out approach, thus leading to referrals not based on severity condition. With the aim of improving the process, the South African Triage Scale (SATS) has been subsequently introduced in three HCs. In this study, we assessed the impact of SATS implementation on the selection process and the accuracy of triage performed by nurses. We assessed 552 and 1608 referral charts from before and after SATS implementation, respectively, and we retrospectively calculated codes. We compared the expected referred patients’ codes from the two phases, and nurse-assigned codes to the expected ones. The proportion of referred orange and red codes significantly increased (+12.2% and +12.9%) while the proportion of green and yellow codes decreased (−18.7% and −5.8%). The overall rates of accuracy, and under- and overtriage were 34.2%, 36.3%, and 29.5%, respectively. The implementation of SATS modified the pattern of referred patients and increased the number of severe cases receiving advanced medical care at HCB. While nurses’ accuracy improved with the routine use of the protocol, the observed rates of incorrect triage suggest that further research is needed to identify factors affecting SATS application in this setting.