Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Tool to Identify People at Greater Risk of Having Hepatitis C among Drug Users

Author:

Huang Gang,Cheng Wei,Xu Yun,Yang Jiezhe,Jiang Jun,Pan Xiaohong,Zhou Xin,Jiang Jianmin,Chai Chengliang

Abstract

Background: People who use drugs (PWUD) are among those with the highest risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Highly effective direct-acting antiviral agents offer an opportunity to eliminate HCV. A simple tool for the prediction of HCV infection risk in PWUD is urgently needed. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction tool to identify people at greater risk of having hepatitis C among PWUD that is applicable in resource-limited settings. Methods: We extracted data from national HIV/AIDS sentinel surveillance in PWUD (Zhejiang Province, 2016–2021) and developed and validated a risk score to improve HCV testing in PWUD. This risk score consists of seven risk factors identified using multivariable logistic regression modeling (2016–2020, exploratory group). We validated this score using surveillance data for 2021 (validation group). The accuracy of the model was determined using C-statistics. Results: We identified seven risk factors, including sex, age, marital status, educational attainment, and the use of heroin, morphine, and methamphetamine. In the exploratory group, the positive rates of detecting the HCV antibody in the low-risk (0–9 points), intermediate-risk (10–16 points), and high-risk (≥17 points) groups were 6.72%, 17.24%, and 38.02%, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). In the validation group, the positive rates in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups were 4.46%, 12.23%, and 38.99%, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). Conclusions: We developed and validated a drug-specific risk prediction tool for identifying PWUD at increased risk of HCV infection. This tool can complement and integrate the screening strategy for the purpose of early diagnosis and treatment.

Funder

Health Commission of Zhejiang Province

Health Science and Technology Program

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Reference35 articles.

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