Design of a Friendly Solar Food Dryer for Domestic Over-Production

Abstract

Solar drying is one of the many ways of efficiently making use of solar energy to meet the human demand for improved sustainability. In this study, we describe the construction and testing of two indirect solar dryer prototypes, especially designed for vegetables and fruits. The dryers had two compartments: a solar panel and a drying chamber. The dryers were mainly made of wood (Prototype 1) and styrofoam (Prototype 2) and both used recycled aluminum cans. The calculated yield of solar panels was 82% and 77% for Prototype 1 and 2, respectively. The drying tests performed with different fresh products showed that it was possible to dry all of them until less than 10% of their initial weight, at different times, depending on the type of product. As regards the apple slices, the solar dryers were able to remove 95.7% and 95.0% of initial moisture on a wet basis for Prototype 1 and 2, respectively. Comparative tests were conducted with an electric commercial dryer using the same product to explore the drying dynamics and costs. The cost of the final dry product, excluding the purchase of fresh goods, was 6.83 €/kg for the electric dryer, 1.78 €/kg for Prototype 1 and 1.72 €/kg for Prototype 2. Dehydrated apple slices are currently available on the market for around 34.50 €/kg. Our solar dryers can dry quality products at a very low cost for their entire life span, which allows them to compete with electric systems to prevent food waste in a cheaper and environmentally friendly way.