Biodegradation of Plastics Induced by Marine Organisms: Future Perspectives for Bioremediation Approaches

Author:

Viel Thomas123,Manfra Loredana14,Zupo Valerio5ORCID,Libralato Giovanni13ORCID,Cocca Mariacristina2,Costantini Maria1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy

2. Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegri, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy

3. Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoli, Italy

4. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy

5. Stazione Zoologica, Ecosustainable Biotechnology Department, Ischia Marine Centre, Via Buonocore 42, 80077 Ischia, Italy

Abstract

Plastic pollution is a distinctive element of the globalized world. In fact, since the 1970s the expansion and use of plastics, particularly in the consumer and commercial sectors, has given this material a permanent place in our lives. The increasing use of plastic products and the wrong management of end-of-life plastic products have contributed to increasing environmental pollution, with negative impacts on our ecosystems and the ecological functions of natural habitats. Nowadays, plastic pollution is pervasive in all environmental compartments. As aquatic environments are the dumping points for poorly managed plastics, biofouling and biodegradation have been proposed as promising approaches for plastic bioremediation. Known for the high stability of plastics in the marine environment, this represents a very important issue to preserve marine biodiversity. In this review, we have summarized the main cases reported in the literature on the degradation of plastics by bacteria, fungi, and microalgae and the degradation mechanisms involved, to highlight the potential of bioremediation approaches to reduce macro and microplastic pollution.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry

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