Utilization of Torrefied and Non-Torrefied Short Rotation Willow in Wood–Plastic Composites

Author:

Pečnik Jaka Gašper12ORCID,Zouari Mariem12ORCID,Schwarzkopf Matthew12ORCID,DeVallance David B.34

Affiliation:

1. InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6a, 6310 Izola, Slovenia

2. Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Titov Trg 4, 6000 Koper, Slovenia

3. College of Science and Technology, Commonwealth University of Pennsylvania, 401 North Fairview Street, Lock Haven, PA 17745, USA

4. Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA

Abstract

The torrefaction process is widely used in the energy field, but the characteristics of the torrefied wood also have positive effects on the production of wood plastic composites. In this study, short-rotation shrub willow was torrefied at 225 and 300 °C and incorporated into polypropylene composites filled with changing levels of weight percent (wt%) of non-torrefied and torrefied (5, 15, 25, and 40 wt%) wood. Nine different formulations were extruded for mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties. The tensile properties of composites were not affected by any level of torrefaction, while higher flexure properties were in favor of lower wt% of torrefied wood. The slowest rate of thermal degradation was confirmed for the highest wt% of torrefied wood with a torrefaction temperature of 300 °C. In contrast, the presence of torrefied wood in composites did not show a difference in crystallization or melting temperatures. The most noticeable contribution of torrefaction temperature and wt% was found for water-absorbing properties, where the higher torrefaction temperature and largest wt% of torrefied wood in the composite resulted in decreased water uptake.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry

Reference41 articles.

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