Influence of Varying Concentrations of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 on the Properties of Brake Friction Materials Prepared Using Hand Layup Method
Author:
Irawan Agustinus Purna1ORCID, Fitriyana Deni Fajar2ORCID, Siregar Januar Parlaungan3ORCID, Cionita Tezara4, Anggarina Paula Tjatoerwidya5, Utama Didi Widya1ORCID, Rihayat Teuku6ORCID, Rusiyanto Rusiyanto2, Dimyati Saeful2, Aripin Muhammad Bustanul2, Ismail Rifky7, Bayuseno Athanasius Priharyoto7, Baskara Gregorius Dimas8, Khafidh Muhammad9ORCID, Putera Finny Pratama9, Yotenka Rahmadi10
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang 50229, Indonesia 3. Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia 4. Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia 5. Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia 6. Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe, Lhokseumawe 24301, Indonesia 7. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia 8. School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 9. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia 10. Department of Statistics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55584, Indonesia
Abstract
Brake friction materials (BFMs) have a critical role in ensuring the safety as well as the reliability of automotive braking systems. However, traditional BFMs, typically made from asbestos, are associated with environmental and health concerns. Therefore, this results in a growing interest in developing alternative BFMs that are eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective. This study investigates the effect of varying concentrations of epoxy, rice husk, alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3) on the mechanical and thermal properties of BFMs prepared using the hand layup method. In this study, the rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 were filtered through a 200-mesh sieve. Note that the BFMs were fabricated using different combinations and concentrations of the materials. Their mechanical properties, such as density, hardness, flexural strength, wear resistance, and thermal properties, were investigated. The results suggest that the concentrations of the ingredients significantly influence the mechanical and thermal properties of the BFMs. A specimen made from epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 with concentrations of 50 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 15 wt.%, respectively, produced the best properties for BFMs. On the other hand, the density, hardness, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and wear rate values of this specimen were 1.23 g/cm3, 81.2 Vickers (HV), 57.24 MPa, 4.08 GPa, and 8.665 × 10−7 mm2/kg. In addition, this specimen had better thermal properties than the other specimens. These findings provide valuable insights into developing eco-friendly and sustainable BFMs with suitable performance for automotive applications.
Funder
Universitas Tarumanagara
Subject
Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry
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