Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites with Lignin and Nanolignin Synthesized by In Situ Reactive Processing
Author:
Makri Sofia P.12, Xanthopoulou Eleftheria2ORCID, Valera Miguel Angel3ORCID, Mangas Ana3ORCID, Marra Giacomo3ORCID, Ruiz Víctor3, Koltsakidis Savvas4, Tzetzis Dimitrios4ORCID, Zoikis Karathanasis Alexandros1, Deligkiozi Ioanna1, Nikolaidis Nikolaos2, Bikiaris Dimitrios2ORCID, Terzopoulou Zoi2ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Creative Nano PC, 43 Tatoiou, Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece 2. Laboratory of Polymer and Colors Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece 3. AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain 4. Digital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 14 km Thessaloniki, 57001 N. Moudania, Greece
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with 0.5 wt% lignin or nanolignin were prepared with two different techniques: (a) conventional melt-mixing and (b) in situ Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP) by reactive processing. The ROP process was monitored by measuring the torque. The composites were synthesized rapidly using reactive processing that took under 20 min. When the catalyst amount was doubled, the reaction time was reduced to under 15 min. The dispersion, thermal transitions, mechanical properties, antioxidant activity, and optical properties of the resulting PLA-based composites were evaluated with SEM, DSC, nanoindentation, DPPH assay, and DRS spectroscopy. All reactive processing-prepared composites were characterized by means of SEM, GPC, and NMR to assess their morphology, molecular weight, and free lactide content. The benefits of the size reduction of lignin and the use of in situ ROP by reactive processing were demonstrated, as the reactive processing-produced nanolignin-containing composites had superior crystallization, mechanical, and antioxidant properties. These improvements were attributed to the participation of nanolignin in the ROP of lactide as a macroinitiator, resulting in PLA-grafted nanolignin particles that improved its dispersion.
Funder
European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program
Subject
Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry
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