Anti-Fouling Properties of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Coatings in the Marine Environment-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Anti-Fouling Properties of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Coatings in the Marine Environment

Published:2023-09-06 Issue:18 Volume:15 Page:3677
ISSN:2073-4360
Container-title:Polymers
language:en
Short-container-title:Polymers

Author:

Baiju Sajith Kaniyadan¹²³^ORCID,Martin Brent James⁴,Fredericks Rayleen¹²³,Raghavan Harikrishnan¹³^ORCID,De Silva Karnika⁵^ORCID,Cowan Matthew Greig¹²³^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand

2. New Zealand Product Accelerator, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand

3. MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand

4. Defence Technology Agency (DTA), Private Bag 32901, Auckland 0744, New Zealand

5. NZ Product Accelerator, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

Abstract

Biofouling is the buildup of marine organisms on a submerged material. This research tests the efficacy of phosphonium ion gels comprising phosphonium monomers ([P444VB][AOT] and [P888VB][AOT]) and free ionic liquid ([P4448][AOT], [P88814][AOT]) (10 to 50 wt%), varying copper(II) oxide biocide concentrations (0 to 2 wt%), and the docusate anion [AOT]− for added hydrophobicity. The efficacy of these formulations was tested using a seachest simulator protected from light and tidal currents in New Zealand coastal waters over the summer and autumn periods. Anti-fouling performance was correlated with the hydrophobicity of the surface (water contact angle: 14–131°) and biocide concentration. Formulations with higher hydrophobicity (i.e., less free ionic liquid and longer alkyl chain substituents) displayed superior anti-fouling performance. The presence of the copper(II) biocide negatively affected anti-fouling performance via significant increases to hydrophilicity. No correlation was observed between antimicrobial activity and anti-fouling performance. Overall, phosphonium ion gels show potential for combining anti-fouling and foul release properties.

Funder

NZ Product Accelerator Master’s scholarship

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Polymers and Plastics,General Chemistry

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/18/3677/pdf

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