Effect of Glycerol as Processing Oil in Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites: Processing, Mechanical, and Thermal Aging Properties

Abstract

The present work aims to study the effect of glycerol as a replacement for mineral oils in natural rubber (NR) composites to obtain suitable properties via cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermal stability. Glycerol was used at a 5 phr rate in the compound with carbon black as a reinforcing filler and was compared to mineral processing oils such as aromatic oil, treated distillate aromatic extracted oil, and paraffinic oil. Compared to the other oils, glycerol exhibits better maximum torque and torque differences. Also, a shorter scorch time, cure time, and a higher cure rate index of the compounds were observed. However, although the received mechanical properties, including tensile strength, elongation at break, and compression set of the vulcanized rubber using glycerol showed slightly lower values than the others, the 100% and 300% moduli, as well as the hardness of the composites filled with glycerol, exhibit better values relative to the other commercial oils. These findings demonstrate that glycerol overall presents a good balance of properties, making it beneficial to use glycerol as a substitute for mineral oil in tire, shoe sole, and rubber stopper applications.