Perception of the Transition to a Zero-Emission Economy in the Opinion of Polish and Foreign Students: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Renewable energy sources serve as an alternative to conventional energy sources, with the main advantages being their inexhaustible nature and the absence of or significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, the development of energy production utilising renewable sources remains controversial, primarily because of the high initial costs of RES investment projects and the carbon footprint during the production phase of RES facilities. However, these appear to be gradually offset by the many benefits that outweigh the initial RES facility maintenance costs. Unsurprisingly, European Union (EU) countries are at the forefront of the transition to a low-emission economy. This is evidenced by such things as the 22% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions in the Member States, achieved despite a 58% increase in gross domestic product (GDP) between 1990 and 2017. Nonetheless, the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, water, etc., is much more expensive than burning fossil fuels. It must be stressed that the European Union’s success in this regard is influenced by the actions taken by all Member States to implement the European Green Deal and their individual targets. Furthermore, the transition to a zero-emission economy is also the result of the informed participation and involvement of all European Community residents. Therefore, there exists a need for education on renewable energy sources to facilitate the transition to a zero-emission economy in European Union countries. This education should primarily target young people, whose critical choices will shape this area in the future. It is the knowledge and awareness of young people that will largely determine whether it will be possible to limit greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This article aimed to determine how Polish and foreign students view the transition to a zero-emission economy. The article places a special emphasis on renewable energy sources as a key factor in shaping national security in terms of sustainable ecology and friendly social development. The aim of the study was achieved through a research process using theoretical and empirical research methods. To that end, the subject literature and current legislation on renewable energy sources were analysed. Moreover, a survey was conducted among Polish and foreign students living in Poland. The analysis of the research results made it possible to formulate recommendations on how to shape national security in terms of sustainable ecology and friendly social development.