Affiliation:
1. Department of Art and Restoration, University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
2. Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Abstract
The art of dyeing textiles has a long history, as natural dyes have been used since prehistoric times. With the development of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, the focus shifted from natural to synthetic dyes due to their superior properties. Recently, however, interest in natural dyes has increased again due to environmental and health concerns. Among industrial dyes, heterocyclic dyes, especially azo dyes, are of great importance due to their color brilliance and fastness. This review examines the synthesis, application, and analysis of azo dyes, especially heterocyclic dyes. It deals with monoazo, diazo, and polyazo dyes and highlights their structures, synthesis methods, and fastness properties. In addition, the ecological impact of azo dyes and practical solutions for their synthesis and application are discussed.
Reference48 articles.
1. Muthu, S. (2014). Natural Dyes: Sources, Chemistry, Application and Sustainability Issues. Roadmap to Sustainable Textiles and Clothing. Textile Science and Clothing Technology, Springer.
2. Natural Dyes;Clark;Handbook of Textile and Industrial Dyeing: Principles, Processes and Types of Dyes,2011
3. Heterocyclic Dyes and Pigments;Waring;Compr. Heterocycl. Chem.,1984
4. Winkler, F. (1983). The Colour Science of Dyes and Pigments, Adam Hilger Ltd.
5. The story of dyes and dyeing;Decelles;J. Chem. Educ.,1949