Abstract
Trichomonas tenax is a flagellated protozoan parasite found in the oral cavities of humans and animals and has been associated with periodontal disease, the most prevalent inflammatory disease affecting them all. Studies have shown that T. tenax can cause damage to mammalian cells and secretes virulent proteins, such as cysteine. It is presently considered zoonotic. Despite the few studies that have been done, the pathogenicity of this oral protozoan is still not fully understood. A database search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed and Google Scholar to retrieve data eligible for this study. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed to conduct this scoping review. A total of 321 articles were found with 87 included in this review after applying the exclusion criteria. Due to its increasing prevalence worldwide in both humans and dogs, detecting and elucidating the pathogenicity of this parasite is paramount for effective global control and prevention of periodontal disease. However, there is a paucity in the literature on this neglected zoonotic trichomonad, which is in large contrast to the closely related human pathogen T. vaginalis. Here, we comprehensively review the history, morphology and reproduction, host, prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenicity, control, and prevention of T. tenax. Hopefully, this article will call attention to both medical and veterinary professionals as well as epidemiologists on this most neglected and zoonotic protozoan. More epidemiological and clinical studies need to be conducted on T. tenax to gain a better understanding of its pathogenicity, to increase the chances of developing effective drugs to aid in the control of this oral parasite, and reduce the spread of periodontal disease worldwide.
Funder
Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine
Subject
Infectious Diseases,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology
Reference96 articles.
1. Specific and sensitive detection of Trichomonas tenax by the polymerase chain reaction;Kikuta;Lett. Appl. Microbiol.,1997
2. Kucknoor, A.S., Mundodi, V., and Alderete, J.F. (2009). Genetic identity and differential gene expression between Trichomonas vaginalis and Trichomonas tenax. BMC Microbiol., 9.
3. Zoonotic Trichomonas tenax and a new trichomonad species, Trichomonas brixi n. sp., from the oral cavities of dogs and cats;Tachezy;Int. J. Parasitol.,2017
4. Studies on prevalence of infection with Trichomonas tenax identified by molecular techniques—In respect to oral health of patients with various systemic disease requiring immunosuppressive therapy;Dybicz;Ann. Parasitol.,2018
5. Human pulmonary trichomonoses;Duboucher;Press Med.,2007
Cited by
2 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献