Asymptomatic and Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a Hungarian Outpatient Cohort in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author:

Jankovics István1,Müller Cecília2,Gönczöl Éva3,Visontai Ildikó3,Varga István3,Lőrincz Márta1,Kuti Dávid4ORCID,Hasitz Ágnes5,Malik Péter6,Ursu Krisztina6,Bányász Borbála6,Sarkadi Júlia4,Dénes Béla1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary

2. Department of Chief Medical Officer, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary

3. Division of Project Coordination, National Public Health Centre, 1097 Budapest, Hungary

4. Division of Virology, Department of Reference Laboratory for Microbiology, National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary

5. Family Doctor’s Office, 2000 Szentendre, Hungary

6. Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary

Abstract

We aimed to estimate the proportion of the population infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the first year of the pandemic. The study population consisted of outpatient adults with mild or no COVID-19 symptoms and was divided into subpopulations with different levels of exposure. Among the subpopulation without known previous COVID-19 contacts, 4143 patients were investigated. Of the subpopulation with known COVID-19 contacts, 594 patients were investigated. IgG- and IgA-seroprevalence and RT-PCR positivity were determined in context with COVID-19 symptoms. Our results suggested no significant age-related differences between participants for IgG positivity but indicated that COVID-19 symptoms occurred most frequently in people aged between 20 and 29 years. Depending on the study population, 23.4–74.0% PCR-positive people (who were symptomless SARS-CoV-2 carriers at the time of the investigation) were identified. It was also observed that 72.7% of the patients remained seronegative for 30 days or more after their first PCR-positive results. This study hoped to contribute to the scientific understanding of the significance of asymptomatic and mild infections in the long persistence of the pandemic.

Funder

National Public Health Center

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,General Immunology and Microbiology

Reference50 articles.

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2. Word Health Organization (2021, December 16). WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19. 11 March 2020. Available online: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020.

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