Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern from Healthy Dogs and Their Owners from Kathmandu Valley

Abstract

This cross-sectional study was designed to identify information on the frequency, antimicrobial resistance and species diversity of methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) among pet dogs and humans within households. Fifty five nasal swabs each from dogs and their owners were collected. MRCoNS were identified based on gram staining, culture on mannitol salt agar, biochemical tests, and mecA gene amplification. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was assessed by a disc diffusion test. Uniplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were employed for the species identification of MRCoNS and SCCmec typing, respectively. Species were further confirmed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The prevalence of MRCoNS was 29% in dog owners and 23.6% in dogs. Four different species of MRCoNS, Staphylococci saprophyticus (48.3%), S. haemolyticus (24.1%), S. warneri (17.2%), and S. epidermidis (10.3%), were detected. Two isolates each from dog owners and dogs showed a constitutive resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (cMLSB) resistance, eight isolates each from dogs and their owners showed a macrolide-streptogramin B (MSB) resistance, and only two isolates from dog owners revealed an inducible resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (iMLSB) resistance. SCCmec types were SCCmec type IV (55.2%), SCCmec type V (24.1%), SCCmec III (10.3%), SCCmec II (3.4%); two isolates were non-typable. MRCoNS are prevalent and genetically diverse in companion animals and humans. Different species of MRCoNS were found in dogs and their owners.