GBB-Nadir and KLIMA: Two Full Physics Codes for the Computation of the Infrared Spectrum of the Planetary Radiation Escaping to Space
-
Published:2023-05-11
Issue:10
Volume:15
Page:2532
-
ISSN:2072-4292
-
Container-title:Remote Sensing
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Remote Sensing
Author:
Dinelli Bianca1ORCID, Del Bianco Samuele2ORCID, Castelli Elisa1ORCID, Di Roma Alessio1ORCID, Lorenzi Giacomo1, Premuda Margherita1ORCID, Barbara Flavio2ORCID, Gai Marco2ORCID, Raspollini Piera2ORCID, Di Natale Gianluca3ORCID
Affiliation:
1. CNR-ISAC, Via Gobetti, 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy 2. CNR-IFAC, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 3. CNR-INO, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Abstract
In 2019 the Far-Infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring (FORUM) mission was selected to be the 9th Earth Explorer mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). In the preparatory phase of the mission there was the need for accurate and versatile codes to compute the spectrally resolved Earth radiation escaping to space ( outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR), targets for the FORUM measurements.Moreover, for the study of planetary atmospheres, several instruments measuring the planetary radiation escaping to space have been deployed (i.e., the planetary Fourier spectrometer on Mars express or composite infrared spectrometer on Cassini). For both the analysis of the measurements of these instruments and the design of new instruments, reliable radiative transfer codes need to be available. In this paper, we describe two full physics codes, Geofit broadband-Nadir (GBB-Nadir) and Kyoto protocol-informed management of adaptation (KLIMA), both able to compute the OLR spectrum, while GBB-Nadir is only a forward model, and therefore computes the spectra only, KLIMA implements the computation of spectral radiance derivatives with respect to atmospheric parameters and therefore it is suitable to be used in retrieval codes. The GBB-Nadir code can be interfaced with radiative transfer solvers that include representations of multiple scatterings, making it suitable to compute the radiances in all-sky conditions. KLIMA has been extensively validated comparing its radiances to ones generated by the widely used line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM) code. In this paper, we describe the latest version of both codes and their comparison. We compared the optical depth computed by GBB-Nadir and KLIMA for given values of pressure, temperature and gas columns for most gases active in the far-infrared and thermal-infrared spectral regions. We show that the optical depths computed by the two codes are in very good agreement. We compared the simulated spectra in clear sky conditions for three different atmospheres (equatorial, mid-latitude and polar) at resolutions of the FORUM instrument. The differences found are well below the expected noise of the FORUM instrument. The KLIMA code has already been used to simulate the observations of the Mars atmosphere, while the limb version of the GBB code has been used to simulate the radiances measured in the limb geometry of planetary atmospheres (Titan and Jupiter). Therefore, we may safely affirm that both codes can be used to simulate the nadir measurements of planetary atmospheres.
Funder
Italian Space Agency FORUM-Scienza
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Reference55 articles.
1. Line-by-line calculation of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: 2. Application to carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide and the halocarbons;Clough;J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,1995 2. The Radiative Heating in Underexplored Bands Campaigns;Turner;Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc.,2010 3. Harries, J., Carli, B., Rizzi, R., Serio, C., Mlynczak, M., Palchetti, L., Maestri, T., Brindley, H., and Masiello, G. (2008). The Far-infrared Earth. Rev. Geophys., 46. 4. Evaluating CERES: Twenty-Year Trends in Earth’s Energy Flows From Observations and Reanalyses;Loeb;J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,2022 5. Antarctic Ice Cloud Identification and Properties Using Downwelling Spectral Radiance from 100 to 1400 cm-1;Maestri;J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,2019
|
|