Well-Defined Diblock Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Polymer-Drug Conjugate Micelles for pH-Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin

Abstract

Nanoparticles have emerged as versatile carriers for various therapeutics and can potentially treat a wide range of diseases in an accurate and disease-specific manner. Polymeric biomaterials have gained tremendous attention over the past decades, owing to their tunable structure and properties. Aliphatic polyesters have appealing attributes, including biodegradability, non-toxicity, and the ability to incorporate functional groups within the polymer backbone. Such distinctive properties have rendered them as a class of highly promising biomaterials for various biomedical applications. In this article, well-defined alkyne-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) diblock copolymer was synthesized and studied for pH-responsive delivery of doxorubicin (DOX). The alkyne-functionalized PEG-b-PCL diblock copolymer was prepared by the synthesis of an alkyne-functionalized ε-caprolactone (CL), followed by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using PEG as the macroinitiator. The alkyne functionalities of PEG-b-PCL were modified through copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction to graft aldehyde (ALD) groups and obtain PEG-b-PCL-g-ALD. Subsequently, DOX was conjugated on PEG-b-PCL-g-ALD through the Schiff base reaction. The resulting PEG-b-PCL-g-DOX polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) self-assembled into a nano-sized micellar structure with facilitated DOX release in acidic pH due to the pH-responsive linkage. The nanostructures of PDC micelles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro studies of the PDC micelles, revealed their improved anticancer efficiency towards MCF-7 cells as compared to free DOX.