Impact of Sex-Specific Preoperative Fat Mass Assessment on Long-Term Prognosis after Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Abstract

We investigated the impact of the difference in fat distribution between men and women on long-term prognosis after gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Patients with advanced gastric cancer deeper than p-T2 who underwent gastrectomy between April 2008 and June 2018 were included. Visceral fat mass index (VFI) and subcutaneous fat mass index (SFI) were calculated by dividing the cross-sectional area at the umbilical level by the height squared. The medians of VFI and SFI by sex were defined as cut-off values, below which values were defined as low VFI and low SFI. Of the 485 patients, 323 (66.6%) were men and 162 (33.4%) were women. Men with a low VFI had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.004) and women with a low SFI had a significantly worse OS (p = 0.007). Patients with a low VFI and low SFI had the worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that a low VFI was an independent poor prognostic factor in men, while a low SFI was an independent poor prognostic factor in women. In conclusion, a low visceral fat mass in men and a low subcutaneous fat mass in women were independent poor prognostic factors after radical gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer.