Interventional Treatment Strategies in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Perspectives for Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma

Author:

Auer Timo Alexander12ORCID,Collettini Federico12ORCID,Segger Laura1ORCID,Pelzer Uwe3ORCID,Mohr Raphael4ORCID,Krenzien Felix5ORCID,Gebauer Bernhard1,Geisel Dominik1ORCID,Hosse Clarissa1,Schöning Wenzel5,Fehrenbach Uli1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

2. Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, 10178 Berlin, Germany

3. Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

4. Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

5. Department of Surgery—CVK/CCM, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany

Abstract

cHCC-CCA is an uncommon type of liver cancer that exhibits clinical and pathological characteristics of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), which are the two main forms of primary liver cancer. The similarity to HCC and CCA makes therapeutical strategies challenging. The poor prognosis of CCA in general, as well as for cHCC-CCA, is mainly attributable to the fact that diagnosis is often at an advanced stage of disease. During the last decade, locoregional therapies usually performed by interventional radiologists and its established role in HCC treatment have gained an increasing role in CCA treatment as well. These comprise a wide range of options from tumor ablation procedures such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), computed tomography high-dose rate brachytherapy (CT-HDRBT), and cryoablation to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), including the option of intra-arterial administration of radioactive spheres (transarterial radioembolization—TARE), and much attention has focused on the potential of individual concepts in recent years. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of current radiologic interventions for CCA (excluding options for eCCA), to review and appraise the existing literature on the topic, and to provide an outlook on whether such interventions may have a role as treatment for cHCC-CCA in the future.

Funder

German Research Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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