Immunomorphological Patterns of Chaperone System Components in Rare Thyroid Tumors with Promise as Biomarkers for Differential Diagnosis and Providing Clues on Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

Author:

Paladino Letizia12ORCID,Santonocito Radha1,Graceffa Giuseppa3,Cipolla Calogero3ORCID,Pitruzzella Alessandro14ORCID,Cabibi Daniela5,Cappello Francesco12ORCID,Conway de Macario Everly26,Macario Alberto J. L.26ORCID,Bucchieri Fabio1,Rappa Francesca1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy

2. Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy

3. Department of Surgical Oncology and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy

4. Consortium of Caltanissetta, University of Palermo, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy

5. Department of Sciences for the Promotion of Health and Mother and Child Care, “G. D’Alessandro”, Pathology Institute, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy

6. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA

Abstract

Hurthle cell (HC), anaplastic (AC), and medullary (MC) carcinomas are low frequency thyroid tumors that pose several challenges for physicians and pathologists due to the scarcity of cases, information, and histopathological images, especially in the many areas around the world in which sophisticated molecular and genetic diagnostic facilities are unavailable. It is, therefore, cogent to provide tools for microscopists to achieve accurate diagnosis, such as histopathological images with reliable biomarkers, which can help them to reach a differential diagnosis. We are investigating whether components of the chaperone system (CS), such as the molecular chaperones, can be considered dependable biomarkers, whose levels and distribution inside and outside cells in the tumor tissue could present a distinctive histopathological pattern for each tumor type. Here, we report data on the chaperones Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90. They presented quantitative levels and distribution patterns that were different for each tumor and differed from those of a benign thyroid pathology, goiter (BG). Therefore, the reported methodology can be beneficial when the microscopist must differentiate between HC, AC, MC, and BG.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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