Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Keratinocyte Cancer in Immunosuppressed Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case-Control Study

Author:

Sunder-Plassmann Raute1ORCID,Geusau Alexandra2,Endler Georg1,Weninger Wolfgang2,Wielscher Matthias12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria

2. Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria

Abstract

Because of long-term immunosuppression, solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk for keratinocyte cancer. We matched solid organ transplant patients (n = 150), cases with keratinocyte cancers and tumor-free controls, considering the most important risk factors for keratinocyte cancer in solid organ transplant recipients. Using whole exome data of germline DNA from this patient cohort, we identified several genetic loci associated with the occurrence of multiple keratinocyte cancers. We found one genome-wide significant association of a common single nucleotide polymorphism located in EXOC3 (rs72698504). In addition, we found several variants with a p-value of less than 10−5 associated with the number of keratinocyte cancers. These variants were located in the genes CYB561, WASHC1, PITRM1-AS1, MUC8, ABI3BP, and THBS2-AS1. Using whole exome sequencing data, we performed groupwise tests for rare missense variants in our dataset and found robust associations (p < 10−6, Burden Zeggini test) between MC1R, EPHA8, EPO, MYCT1, ADGRG3, and MGME1 and keratinocyte cancer. Thus, overall, we detected genes involved in pigmentation/UV protection, tumor suppression, immunomodulation, intracellular traffic, and response to UV as genetic risk factors for multiple keratinocyte cancers in solid organ transplant recipients. We also grouped selected genes to pathways and found a selection of genes involved in the “cellular response to UV” to be significantly associated with multiple keratinocyte cancers.

Funder

Sanofi-Aventis GmbH Austria

Jubilee Fund of the Austrian National Bank Fond

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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