Ocular Surface Side Effects of Novel Anticancer Drugs

Author:

Vitiello Livio1ORCID,Lixi Filippo2ORCID,Coco Giulia3ORCID,Giannaccare Giuseppe2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Eye Unit, “Luigi Curto” Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Salerno, 84035 Polla, SA, Italy

2. Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, CA, Italy

3. Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy

Abstract

Surgery, anticancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormonal medicines, and targeted treatments), and/or radiation are common treatment strategies for neoplastic diseases. Anticancer drugs eliminate malignant cells through the inhibition of specific pathways that contribute to the formation and development of cancer. Given the ability of such pharmacological medications to combat cancerous cells, their role in the management of neoplastic diseases has become essential. However, these drugs may also lead to undesirable systemic and ocular adverse effects due to cyto/neuro-toxicity and inflammatory reactions. Ocular surface side effects are recognized to significantly impact patient’s quality of life and quality of vision. Blepharoconjunctivitis is known to be a common side effect caused by oxaliplatin, cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, and docetaxel, while anastrozole, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil can all determine dry eye disease. However, the potential processes involved in the development of these alterations are yet not fully understood, especially for novel drugs currently available for cancer treatment. This review aims at analyzing the potential ocular surface and adnexal side effects of novel anticancer medications, trying to provide a better understanding of the underlying pharmacological processes and useful insights on the choice of proper management.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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