Prognostic Potential of the Baseline Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Stage I to III Melanoma Patients

Abstract

Prognostic biomarkers derived from complete blood count (CBC) have received marked interest as an indirect measure of the inflammatory pressure in cancers such as metastatic melanoma. Here, we evaluated the novel pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) and the frequently assessed neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in a large cohort of patients with cutaneous melanoma (CM) without distant metastases (stages I to III). PIV and NLR were calculated at CM diagnosis. Healthy controls were also included. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate crude survival probabilities and used Cox proportional hazards regression for multiple adjustment of hazard ratios. We observed that higher PIV (HR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.58 and HR: 1.696, 95% CI 1.029 to 2.795, respectively) and NLR (HR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.62) values were associated with CM relapse and CM-specific death in the crude analysis. However, when adjusting for potential confounders, in particular age and tumor thickness, the total effect of PIV and NLR on CM-relapse-free (HR: 1.28, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.98 and HR: 1.26, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.98, respectively) and CM-specific survival (HR: 1.36, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.30 and HR: 1.37, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.33, respectively) was substantially reduced. However, both PIV and NLR were positively correlated with age and tumor thickness, which are important independent predictors for CM relapse and CM-specific death. In conclusion, in stage I to III CM patients PIV as well as NLR appear to be confounded by age and tumor thickness and probably have no potential to further improve the prediction of survival of stage I to III CM patients beyond standard prognostic factors.