Non-Surgical Locoregional Therapies Alone or in Combination with Systemic Therapy in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author:

Chami Perla1,Jarnagin William23,Abou-Alfa Ghassan K.24,Harding James24,Kim Neal2,Lin Haibo5,El Homsi Maria2ORCID,Crane Christopher2,Hajj Carla25

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon

2. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10027, USA

3. Department of Surgery, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA

4. Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College at Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA

5. New York Proton Center, New York, NY 10035, USA

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer, representing the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Curative intent treatment options for patients with HCC include liver transplantation, resection and ablation of small lesions. Other potentially curative therapies include cryoablation, microwave ablation and percutaneous alcohol injection. For locally advanced disease, different arterially directed therapies including transarterial chemoembolization and selective internal radiation therapy, plus external beam radiation including three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy and proton beam therapy, are available or studied. Systemic therapies based on checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available for the management of metastatic HCC and sometimes for locally advanced disease. Combinations of locoregional therapies with systemic drugs are currently the subject of several clinical trials.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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