Targeted Therapy of Interleukin-34 as a Promising Approach to Overcome Cancer Therapy Resistance

Author:

Monteleone Giovanni12ORCID,Franzè Eleonora1,Maresca Claudia1,Colella Marco1,Pacifico Teresa1,Stolfi Carmine1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy

2. Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have markedly improved the management of several malignancies. However, not all cancer patients respond primarily to such therapies, and others can become resistant during treatment. Thus, identification of the factors/mechanisms underlying cancer resistance to such treatments could help develop novel effective therapeutic compounds. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major components of the suppressive tumor microenvironment and are critical drivers of immunosuppression, creating a tumor-promoting and drug-resistant niche. In this regard, therapeutic strategies to tackle immunosuppressive cells are an interesting option to increase anti-tumor immune responses and overcome the occurrence of drug resistance. Accumulating evidence indicates that interleukin-34 (IL-34), a cytokine produced by cancer cells, and/or TAMs act as a linker between induction of a tumor-associated immunosuppressive microenvironment and drug resistance. In this article, we review the current data supporting the role of IL-34 in the differentiation/function of immune suppressive cells and, hence, in the mechanisms leading to therapeutic resistance in various cancers.

Funder

Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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