Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapies in Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Author:

Mo Christiana12ORCID,Sterpi Michelle12,Jeon Hyein12ORCID,Bteich Fernand12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA

2. Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA

Abstract

Human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that interacts with multiple signaling pathways related to cellular growth and proliferation. Overexpression or amplification of HER2 is linked to various malignancies, and there have been decades of research dedicated to targeting HER2. Despite the landmark ToGA trial, progress in HER2-positive gastrointestinal malignancies has been hampered by drug resistance. This review examines current HER2 expression patterns and therapies for gastroesophageal, colorectal, biliary tract, and small bowel cancers, while dissecting potential resistance mechanisms that limit treatment effectiveness.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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