Casting a Wider NET: Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency Induced by Somatostatin Analogues among Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours?

Abstract

Somatostatin-analogues (SSAs) are a first-line treatment of unresectable neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). However, SSAs inhibit pancreatic secretions, which could lead to pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). PEI is known to be detrimental to patient quality of life and nutritional status. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SSAs on pancreatic exocrine function in patients with NETs, using the 13C-mixed triglyceride breath test (13C-MTGT). Exocrine function was assessed using the 13C-MTGT at baseline and after a third SSA injection (two months). A quotient of 13CO2/12CO2 was measured by mass spectrometry, and the cumulative percent dose recovered at 6 h (cPDR) is reported. The secondary endpoints investigated were change in weight, HbA1C, and vitamin D levels. Ten patients completed the study. Exocrine function reduced in all patients (n = 10) following SSA therapy (median reduction from baseline: −23.4% (range: −42.1–0.5%, p = 0.005)). vitamin D levels decreased in all but one patient (median decrease from baseline: −26.5%, (−44.7–10%; p = 0.038)), and median HbA1C levels increased by 8.0% (0–59.3%; p = 0.008). Change in weight was not significant (median decrease from baseline: −0.21% (−4.5–3.5%, p = 1.000)). SSA therapy has a consistent impact on exocrine function from early in the treatment course, but the long-term clinical effects of this remain to be defined. Further studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of this observation and optimise the management of PEI in this cohort.