Cancer Associated Macrophage-like Cells Are Prognostic for Highly Aggressive Prostate Cancer in Both the Non-Metastatic and Metastatic Settings

Author:

Gironda Daniel J.123ORCID,Bergan Raymond C.4,Alpaugh R. Katherine5,Danila Daniel C.67,Chuang Tuan L.6,Hurtado Brenda Y.6,Ho Thai8,Adams Daniel L.3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA

2. Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA

3. Creatv MicroTech, Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA

4. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA

5. Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA

6. Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA

7. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA

8. Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA

Abstract

Despite advancements in the early-stage detection and expansion of treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), patient mortality rates remain high in patients with aggressive disease and the overtreatment of indolent disease remains a major issue. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a standard PCa blood biomarker, is limited in its ability to differentiate disease subtypes resulting in the overtreatment of non-aggressive indolent disease. Here we assess engorged cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs), a ≥50 µm, cancer-specific, polynucleated circulating cell type found in the blood of patients with PCa as a potential companion biomarker to PSA for patient risk stratification. We found that rising PSA is positively correlated with increasing CAML size (r = 0.307, p = 0.004) and number of CAMLs in circulation (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). Over a 2-year period, the presence of a single engorged CAML was associated with 20.9 times increased likelihood of progression (p = 0.016) in non-metastatic PCa, and 2.4 times likelihood of progression (p = 0.031) with 5.4 times likelihood of death (p < 0.001) in metastatic PCa. These preliminary data suggest that CAML cell monitoring, in combination with PSA, may aid in differentiating non-aggressive from aggressive PCas by adding biological information that complements traditional clinical biomarkers, thereby helping guide treatment strategies.

Funder

U.S. Army Research Office (ARO) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

Prostate Spore

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

Reference59 articles.

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