Breast Cancer in the Arabian Gulf Countries
Author:
Al-Shamsi Humaid O.1234ORCID, Abdelwahed Nadia12, Abyad Amin12, Abu-Gheida Ibrahim12, Afrit Mehdi12, Abu ElFuol Tasneem1, Alasas Ryad12, Lababidi Bilal12, Dash Prasanta12, Ahmad Mudhasir12, Dreier Norbert W.12, ul Haq Urfan12, Joshua Thanda Lucy Ann12, Otsmane Sonia12, Al-Nouri Anwar5, Al-Awadhi Aydah2, Tirmazy Syed Hammad6, Alterkait Faisal5, Elsabae Shimaa1, Khan Nyla1, Albastaki Nehad Kazim1, Sonawane Yoginee12, Jouda Mohammed1, Perdawood Frea1, Iqbal Faryal1, Jaafar Hassan12
Affiliation:
1. Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92510, United Arab Emirates 2. Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai P.O. Box 6600, United Arab Emirates 3. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman P.O. Box 4184, United Arab Emirates 4. Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates 5. Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Kuwait City, Kuwait 6. Dubai Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 7272, United Arab Emirates
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as the prevailing malignancy across all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations. In this literature review, we highlighted the incidence and trend of breast cancer in the GCC. Most of the studies reported a consistent increase in breast cancer incidence over the past decades, which was particularly attributed to the adoption of a Westernized lifestyle in the region and the implications of emerging risk factors and other environmental and societal factors, the increase in screening uptake, as well as the improvement in data collection and reporting in the GCC. The data on breast cancer risk factors in the GCC were limited. In this geographic region, breast cancer frequently manifests with distinctive characteristics, including an early onset, typically occurring before the age of 50; an advanced stage at presentation; and a higher pathological grade. Additionally, it often exhibits more aggressive features such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity or the presence of triple-negative (TN) attributes, particularly among younger patients. Despite the growing body of literature on breast cancer in the GCC, data pertaining to survival rates are, regrettably, meager. Reports on breast cancer survival rates emanating from the GCC region are largely confined to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In the UAE, predictive modeling reveals 2-year and 5-year survival rates of 97% and 89%, respectively, for the same period under scrutiny. These rates, when compared to Western counterparts such as Australia (89.5%) and Canada (88.2%), fall within the expected range. Conversely, Saudi Arabia reports a notably lower 5-year survival rate, standing at 72%. This disparity in survival rates underscores the need for further research directed toward elucidating risk factors and barriers that hinder early detection and screening. Additionally, there is a pressing need for expanded data reporting on survival outcomes within the GCC. In sum, a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of breast cancer dynamics in this region is imperative to inform effective strategies for prevention, early detection, and improved patient outcomes.
Funder
Burjeel Medical City
Subject
Cancer Research,Oncology
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