Decoding the Impact of Tumor Microenvironment in Osteosarcoma Progression and Metastasis

Author:

Nirala Bikesh K.1ORCID,Yamamichi Taku1,Petrescu D. Isabel1ORCID,Shafin Tasnuva N.1,Yustein Jason T.1

Affiliation:

1. Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous, highly metastatic bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Despite advancements in multimodal treatment strategies, the prognosis for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease has not improved significantly in the last four decades. OS is a highly heterogeneous tumor; its genetic background and the mechanism of oncogenesis are not well defined. Unfortunately, no effective molecular targeted therapy is currently available for this disease. Understanding osteosarcoma’s tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently gained much interest among scientists hoping to provide valuable insights into tumor heterogeneity, progression, metastasis, and the identification of novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review the current understanding of the TME of OS, including different cellular and noncellular components, their crosstalk with OS tumor cells, and their involvement in tumor progression and metastasis. We also highlight past/current clinical trials targeting the TME of OS for effective therapies and potential future therapeutic strategies with negligible adverse effects.

Funder

National Institute of Health

MIB Agents

Osteosarcoma Institute

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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