Predictive and Prognostic Value of BRAF and NRAS Mutation of 159 Sentinel Lymph Node Cases in Melanoma—A Retrospective Single-Institute Study

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the prognostic role of sentinel lymph node status (SLN) in melanoma patients, a statistical comparison was performed with the application of already known prognostic factors, mutational occurrence of BRAF and NRAS in the primary tumor, as well as disease outcome. Methods: Our retrospective single-center study involved 159 melanoma cases, who underwent SLN biopsy. The following clinico-pathological data were collected: age, gender, location of primary tumor, Breslow thickness, ulceration degree, histological subtype, mitosis count, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, regression signs, mutations of BRAF and NRAS of the primary tumors, and SLN status. Results: From the studied clinico-pathological factors, only Breslow thickness increased the risk of SLN positivity (p = 0.025) by multivariate analysis, while neither BRAF nor NRAS mutation of the primary tumor proved to be a predictor of the SLN status. While the NRAS-mutant subgroup showed the most unfavorable outcome for progression-free and distant metastasis-free survival, their rate of positive SLNs proved to be relatively lower than that of patient groups with BRAF mutation and double-wild-type phenotypes. Conclusion: Similarly to the importance of SLN positivity, NRAS mutation of the primary tumor proved to be an independent prognostic factor of progression. Therefore, despite negative SLN, this NRAS-mutant subgroup of patients still requires closer monitoring to detect disease progression.