Affiliation:
1. College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
2. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, China
3. Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
Abstract
(1) Background: the utilization of fast-growing trees for phytoremediation in heavy-metal-contaminated soil is increasingly recognized as an effective remediation method. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer enhances plant tolerance to heavy metals, yet the impact of various N levels and ammonium (NH4+-N)/nitrate (NO3−-N) ratios on the remediation of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by trees remains unclear. (2) Methods: the efficiency of Salix linearistipularis in remediating Cd- and Pb-contaminated soil was investigated using a pot experiment with three N levels (60, 120, 200 kg hm−1 year−1) and five NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratios (6/0, 4/2, 3/3, 2/4, 0/6) employed, resulting in 16 treatments including a control. (3) Results: the levels and ratios of NH4+-N/NO3−-N significantly affected the Cd and Pb uptake by S. linearistipularis. The highest increases in Cd and Pb in S. linearistipularis were observed for the N120-6/0 treatment, which increased by 104.36% and 95.23%, respectively. In addition, in the N120-6/0 treatment, the stem and leaf bioconcentration factors of Cd were significantly enhanced by 28.66% and 40.11%, respectively. Structural equation modeling revealed that the uptake of Cd and Pb was predominantly influenced by plant traits (biomass and root traits) rather than soil properties. (4) Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential of the NH4+-N/NO3−-N ratio to regulate plant traits, thereby improving the phytoremediation efficiency of heavy-metal-contaminated soil.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province
Youth Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Education Department