Anti-Glycation Properties of Zinc-Enriched Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Contribute to Prevention of Metaflammation in a Diet-Induced Obese Mouse Model

Author:

Aimaretti Eleonora1ORCID,Porchietto Elisa2ORCID,Mantegazza Giacomo3ORCID,Gargari Giorgio3,Collotta Debora4ORCID,Einaudi Giacomo2,Ferreira Alves Gustavo2ORCID,Marzani Enrica4,Algeri Alessandro5,Dal Bello Federica6ORCID,Aragno Manuela1ORCID,Cifani Carlo2ORCID,Guglielmetti Simone7ORCID,Mastrocola Raffaella1ORCID,Collino Massimo4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy

2. Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy

3. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy

4. Department of Neurosciences “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy

5. Italian Union of Biological Spirulin (Unione Spirulina Biologica Italiana, USBI), Curtatone (Mantova), 46010 Mantova, Italy

6. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy

7. Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences (BtBs), University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy

Abstract

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exert a key pathogenic role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. Thanks to its abundance in bioactive compounds, the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, SP) is proposed as a nutritional supplement. Here, we investigated the potential anti-glycating properties of SP enriched with zinc (Zn-SP) and the following impact on diet-induced metabolic derangements. Thirty male C57Bl6 mice were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHS) for 12 weeks, and a subgroup of HFHS mice received 350 mg/kg Zn-SP three times a week. A HFHS diet induced obesity and glucose intolerance and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and transaminases. Zn-SP administration restored glucose homeostasis and reduced hepatic dysfunction and systemic inflammation. In the liver of HFHS mice, a robust accumulation of AGEs was detected, paralleled by increased expression of the main AGE receptor (RAGE) and depletion of glyoxalase-1, whereas Zn-SP administration efficiently prevented these alterations reducing local pro-inflammatory responses. 16S rRNA gene profiling of feces and ileum content revealed altered bacterial community structure in HFHS mice compared to both SD and HFHS + Zn-SP groups. Overall, our study demonstrates relevant anti-glycation properties of Zn-SP which contribute to preventing AGE production and/or stimulate AGE detoxification, leading to the improvement of diet-related dysbiosis and metabolic derangements.

Funder

University of Turin

Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies

Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research

Publisher

MDPI AG

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