An SAR Image Automatic Target Recognition Method Based on the Scattering Parameter Gaussian Mixture Model

Abstract

General synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image automatic target recognition (ATR) methods perform well under standard operation conditions (SOCs). However, they are not effective in extended operation conditions (EOCs). To improve the robustness of the ATR system under various EOCs, an ATR method for SAR images based on the scattering parameter Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed in this paper. First, an improved active contour model (ACM) is used for target–background segmentation, which is more robust against noise than the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) method. Then, as the extracted attributed scattering center (ASC) is sensitive to noise and resolution, the GMM is constructed using the extracted ASC set. Next, the weighted Gaussian quadratic form distance (WGQFD) is adopted to measure the similarity of GMMs for the recognition task, thereby avoiding false alarms and missed alarms caused by the varying number of scattering centers. Moreover, adaptive aspect–frame division is employed to reduce the number of templates and improve recognition efficiency. Finally, based on the public measured MSTAR dataset, different EOCs are constructed under noise, resolution change, model change, depression angle change, and occlusion of different proportions. The experimental results under different EOCs demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits excellent robustness while maintaining low computation time.