Hearing Outcomes and Complications of Cochlear Implantation in Elderly Patients over 75 Years of Age

Abstract

Objective: Populations are aging in many countries, and the proportion of elderly people with severe to profound hearing loss is increasing in parallel with the increasing average life span. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of cochlear implant (CI) surgery in elderly patients compared to those in younger patients. Methods: The outcomes of CI surgery were retrospectively investigated for 81 adults (32 men and 49 women) who underwent CI surgery at our hospital. They were divided according to age at the time of implantation into the younger group (<75 years of age; n = 49) or elderly group (≥75 years of age; n = 32). Results: The mean sentence recognition score on the CI-2004 Japanese open-set test battery (±standard deviation) was 82.9% ± 24.1 in the younger group and 81.9% ± 23.2 in the elderly group, with no significant difference between the groups (Mann–Whitney U test). The incidence of major complications that required surgical treatment was not significantly different between the groups (4.1% vs. 6.2%, respectively). Thus, there were no severe complications that could affect general health status in either group. Three patients in each group died for reasons unrelated to CI surgery during follow-up. The proportion of patients who were alive and continued to use the CI five years after surgery was 92.8% and 91.5%, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show good speech recognition and a low incidence of major complications in elderly patients. This comprehensive report on the outcomes of CI surgery in elderly patients will be helpful to the elderly with severe to profound hearing loss when deciding whether to undergo CI surgery.