Gender Differences in Survival after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting—13-Year Results from KROK Registry

Abstract

The influence of gender on both early and long-term outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not clearly defined. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of gender on early and long-term mortality after CABG using data from the KROK Registry. Methods: All 133,973 adult patients who underwent CABG in Poland between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2019 were included in the Polish National Registry of Cardiac Surgical Procedures (KROK Registry). The study enrolled 90,541 patients: 68,401 men (75.55%) and 22,140 women (24.45%) who met the inclusion criteria. Then, 30-day mortality, 1-year mortality, and long-term mortality rates were compared. Results: Advanced age, higher Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, body mass index BMI > 35 kg/m2, and renal failure, before the propensity matching, were more frequently observed in women. Women more frequently underwent urgent surgery, including single and double graft surgery, and off-pump CABG (OPCAB) (p < 0.001). In propensity-matched groups, early mortality (30 days) was significantly higher in women (3.4% versus 2.8%, p < 0.001). The annual mortality remained higher in this group (6.6% versus 6.0%, p = 0.025). However, long-term mortality differed significantly between the groups and was higher in the male group (33.0% men versus 28.8% women, p < 0.001). Conclusions: There are no apparent differences in long-term mortality between the two sexes in the entire population. In propensity-matched patients, early mortality was lower for men, but the long-term survival was found to be better in women.