Methodological and Statistical Considerations for Cross-Sectional, Case–Control, and Cohort Studies-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Methodological and Statistical Considerations for Cross-Sectional, Case–Control, and Cohort Studies

Published:2024-07-09 Issue:14 Volume:13 Page:4005
ISSN:2077-0383
Container-title:Journal of Clinical Medicine
language:en
Short-container-title:JCM

Author:

Pérez-Guerrero Edsaúl Emilio¹^ORCID,Guillén-Medina Miryam Rosario²^ORCID,Márquez-Sandoval Fabiola³^ORCID,Vera-Cruz José María⁴,Gallegos-Arreola Martha Patricia⁵^ORCID,Rico-Méndez Manuel Alejandro⁶,Aguilar-Velázquez José Alonso⁷^ORCID,Gutiérrez-Hurtado Itzae Adonai⁸^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

2. Doctorado en Farmacología, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

3. Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Departamento de Clínicas de la Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

4. Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

5. División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

6. Doctorado en Genética Humana, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

7. Laboratorio de Ciencias Morfológico Forenses y Medicina Molecular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

8. Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico

Abstract

Epidemiological studies are essential in medicine and public health as they help identify risk factors and causes of diseases. Additionally, they are key to planning, implementing, and evaluating health interventions aimed at preventing and controlling the spread of diseases. Among these studies, analytical observational studies, such as cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies, are the most used. The validity of their results largely depends on the robustness of the design, execution, and statistical analysis. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the most common errors in the selection of methodological design and statistical tests in analytical observational studies and to provide recommendations to correct them. Methodology: A comprehensive review of the available literature on methodology in epidemiological observational studies was conducted, focusing on cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies. Common errors in the selection of designs and statistical tests were identified and analyzed. Results and Conclusions: Errors in the selection of methodological design and statistical tests are common in epidemiological observational studies. Based on the identified errors, a series of recommendations is provided to improve the selection of methodological design and statistical tests, thereby increasing the reliability of the results in cross-sectional, case–control, and cohort studies.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/14/4005/pdf

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