Bacterial Community Composition and Presence of Plasmids in the Endosphere- and Rhizosphere-Associated Microbiota of Sea Fig (Carpobrotus aequilaterus)
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Published:2023-11-20
Issue:11
Volume:15
Page:1156
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ISSN:1424-2818
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Container-title:Diversity
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Diversity
Author:
Sánchez-Salazar Angela M.12ORCID, Acuña Jacquelinne J.234ORCID, Sadowsky Michael J.5ORCID, Jorquera Milko A.23ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencia, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile 2. Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recurso Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile 3. The Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile 4. Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Valenzuela Puelma 10207, La Reina 7800003, Chile 5. College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
Abstract
The plant microbiome is one of the most important environments for ecological interactions between bacteria that impact the plant and the ecosystem. However, studies on the diversity of mobile genetic elements (such as plasmids) associated with the plant microbiome are very scarce. Here, we determined the bacterial community composition and the occurrence of plasmids in the microbiota associated with sea fig, Carpobrotus aequilaterus (N.E. Br.), a succulent species widely used as an ornamental plant in Chile. The abundance and composition of the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial communities were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and DNA metabarcoding analysis. Plasmid diversity in the plant microbiome was determined by plasmid DNA extraction and screened by endpoint PCR of backbone genes for four different incompatibility groups (Inc). The results showed about 106 copies of the 16S rRNA gene in the endosphere and rhizosphere, showing significant differences according to the diversity index. Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota; 43.4%), Actinobacteria (Actinomycetota; 25.7%), and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidota; 17.4%) were the most dominant taxa in both plant compartments, and chemoheterotrophy (30%) was the main predicted function assigned to the microbiota. Plasmid diversity analysis showed the presence of transferable plasmids in the endosphere and rhizosphere of C. aequilaterus, particularly among environmental plasmids belonging to the IncP and IncN incompatibility groups.
Funder
The National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development National Agency for Research and Development of Chile Apoyo a Profesores Patrocinantes de Alumnos de Pre y Postgrado Millennium Science Initiative Program
Subject
Nature and Landscape Conservation,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous),Ecological Modeling,Ecology
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