CHANG-ES XXXI—A Decade of CHANG-ES: What We Have Learned from Radio Observations of Edge-on Galaxies

Author:

Irwin Judith1ORCID,Beck Rainer2,Cook Tanden1,Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen3ORCID,English Jayanne4ORCID,Heesen Volker5,Henriksen Richard1,Jiang Yan6,Li Jiang-Tao6ORCID,Lu Li-Yuan67ORCID,Mele Crystal3,Müller Ancla3,Murphy Eric8ORCID,Porter Troy9,Rand Richard10,Skeggs Nathan1,Stein Michael3ORCID,Stein Yelena3,Stil Jeroen11,Strong Andrew12ORCID,Walterbos Rene13ORCID,Wang Q. Daniel14,Wiegert Theresa15ORCID,Yang Yang6ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada

2. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany

3. Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany

4. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

5. Hamburg Observatory, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany

6. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10 Yuanhua Road, Nanjing 210023, China

7. Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Xiamen 361005, China

8. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

9. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, SLAC, 2575 Sand Hill Road, M/S 29, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

10. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of New Mexico, 210 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada

12. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Gießenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany

13. Astronomy Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA

14. Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA

15. Departamento Astronomía Extragaláctica, Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain

Abstract

CHANG-ES (Continuum Halos in Nearby Galaxies—an EVLA Survey) is an ambitious project to target 35 nearby disk galaxies that are edge-on to the line of sight. The orientation permits both the disk and halo regions to be studied. The observations were initially at 1.5 GHz (L-band) and 6.0 GHz (C-band) in a variety of VLA array configurations, and in all four Stokes parameters, which allowed for spatially resolved images in total intensity plus polarization. The inclusion of polarization is unique to an edge-on galaxy survey and reveals the galaxies’ halo magnetic fields. This paper will summarize the results to date, some of which are new phenomena, never seen prior to CHANG-ES. For example, we see that ‘X-type’ fields, as well as rotation measure reversals, are common features of spiral galaxies. Further observations at 3.0 GHz (S-band) as well as future scientific opportunities will also be described.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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