Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

Published:2023-04-24 Issue:3 Volume:11 Page:61
ISSN:2075-4434
Container-title:Galaxies
language:en
Short-container-title:Galaxies

Author:

Johnson Michael D.¹²^ORCID,Akiyama Kazunori²³⁴^ORCID,Blackburn Lindy¹²^ORCID,Bouman Katherine L.⁵^ORCID,Broderick Avery E.⁶⁷⁸^ORCID,Cardoso Vitor⁹¹⁰^ORCID,Fender Rob P.¹¹¹²^ORCID,Fromm Christian M.¹³¹⁴¹⁵^ORCID,Galison Peter²¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Gómez José L.¹⁸^ORCID,Haggard Daryl¹⁹²⁰^ORCID,Lister Matthew L.²¹^ORCID,Lobanov Andrei P.¹⁵^ORCID,Markoff Sera²²²³^ORCID,Narayan Ramesh¹²^ORCID,Natarajan Priyamvada²²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Nichols Tiffany²⁶^ORCID,Pesce Dominic W.¹²^ORCID,Younsi Ziri²⁷^ORCID,Chael Andrew²⁸^ORCID,Chatterjee Koushik¹²^ORCID,Chaves Ryan¹,Doboszewski Juliusz²²⁹^ORCID,Dodson Richard³⁰^ORCID,Doeleman Sheperd S.¹²^ORCID,Elder Jamee²²⁹^ORCID,Fitzpatrick Garret¹,Haworth Kari¹,Houston Janice¹,Issaoun Sara¹^ORCID,Kovalev Yuri Y.¹⁵³¹³²^ORCID,Levis Aviad⁵^ORCID,Lico Rocco¹⁸³³^ORCID,Marcoci Alexandru³⁴^ORCID,Martens Niels C. M.²⁹³⁵³⁶^ORCID,Nagar Neil M.³⁷^ORCID,Oppenheimer Aaron¹,Palumbo Daniel C. M.¹²^ORCID,Ricarte Angelo¹²^ORCID,Rioja María J.³⁰³⁸³⁹^ORCID,Roelofs Freek¹²⁴⁰^ORCID,Thresher Ann C.⁴¹^ORCID,Tiede Paul¹²^ORCID,Weintroub Jonathan¹²^ORCID,Wielgus Maciek¹⁵^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

2. Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, 99 Millstone Road, Westford, MA 01886, USA

4. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

5. California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

6. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

8. Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

9. Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

10. CENTRA, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Instituto Superior Técnico—IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal

11. Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

12. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

13. Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 31, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany

14. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany

15. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

16. Department of History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

17. Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

18. Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain

19. Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

20. Trottier Space Institute at McGill, 3550 rue University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada

21. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA

22. Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

23. Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam (GRAPPA) Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands

24. Department of Astronomy, Yale University, 52 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA

25. Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

26. Department of History, Princeton University, Dickinson Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

27. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

28. Princeton Gravity Initiative, Princeton University, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

29. Lichtenberg Group for History and Philosophy of Physics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany

30. ICRAR, M468, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

31. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia

32. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per. 9, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia

33. INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

34. Centre for the Study of Existential Risk, University of Cambridge, 16 Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1SB, UK

35. Freudenthal Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands

36. Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands

37. Astronomy Department, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile

38. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, P.O. Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

39. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), Alfonso XII, 3 y 5, 28014 Madrid, Spain

40. Department of Astrophysics, Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

41. McCoy Family Center for Ethics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

Volkswagen Foundation, VILLUM Foundation

DNRF Chair program

European Union’s H2020 ERC Advanced Grant “Black holes: gravitational engines of discovery”

Marie Skłodowska-Curie

ERC Starting

TITANs

Fondecyt

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/11/3/61/pdf

Reference311 articles.

1. Akiyama, K. et al. [Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration] (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole. Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L1.

2. Akiyama, K. et al. [Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration] (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation. Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L2.

3. Akiyama, K. et al. [Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration] (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration. Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L3.

4. Akiyama, K. et al. [Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration] (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole. Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L4.

5. Akiyama, K. et al. [Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration] (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring. Astrophys. J. Lett., 875, L5.

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