Engineered Stable 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidase (HMFO) from 8BxHMFO Variant of Methylovorus sp. MP688 through B-Factor Analysis

Abstract

What is known as Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is an attractive compound since it has similar properties to terephthalic acid. Further, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidase (HMFO) is an enzyme, which could convert HMF to FDCA directly. Most wild types of HMFO have low activity on the oxidation of HMF to FDCA. The variant of 8BxHFMO from Methylovorus sp. MP688 was the only reported enzyme that was able to perform FDCA production. However, the stabilization of 8BxHMFO is still not that satisfactory, and further improvement is necessary for the industrial application of the enzyme. In this work, stability-enhanced HMFO from 8BxHFMO was engineered through employing B-factor analysis. The mutation libraries were created based on the NNK degeneracy of residues with the top ten highest B-factor value, and two of the effective mutants were screened out through the high throughput selection with the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-Tyr assay. The mutants Q319K and N44G show a significantly increased yield of FDCA in the reaction temperature range of 30 to 40 °C. The mutant Q319K shows the best performance at 35 °C with a FDCA yield of 98% (the original 8BxHMFO was only 85%), and a half-life exceeding 72 h. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulation indicates that more hydrogen bonds are formed in the mutants, which improves the stability of the protein structure. The method could enhance the design of more stable biocatalysts; and provides potential for the further optimization and utilization of HMFO in biotechnological processes.