Biosorption of Engine Oil Using Rice Husk in a Filtration System

Author:

Aminuddin Irfan Hafeez1ORCID,Taufik Siti Hajar1ORCID,Puasa Nurul Aini1,Radziff Syahirah Batrisyia Mohamed1,Zamree Nur Diyanah1ORCID,Shaharudddin Noor Azmi12,Che Abdullah Che Azurahanim34,Rahman Muhammad Fahdli5,Azmi Alyza Azzura6,Ahmad Siti Aqlima137ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

2. Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

3. Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

4. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

5. Merbau Agrotechnology (M) Sdn. Bhd., JA2391, Jalan Sungai Renggi 2, Kampung Sungai Renggi, Merlimau 77300, Melaka, Malaysia

6. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia

7. Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Owing to its excellent qualities as a natural sorbent, rice husk (RH), a significant agricultural waste product obtained from the milling process, is employed as a biosorbent for engine oil. Engine oil spillages in rivers will flow to the ocean, exposing marine life to deadly contaminants. To date, there are very few natural sorbent studies specifically targeting engine oil removal. The purpose of this study was to optimise the significant factors in the efficiency of engine oil sorption by RH. Spectroscopic analyses using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterise the chemical composition and surface morphology of RH sorbent after pre- and post-treatment. A conventional optimisation approach, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT), was used to assess the range of factors affecting the efficiency of engine oil sorption through heat treatment, heating time, packing density, and concentration of engine oil. The efficiency of engine oil removal obtained from this method was 74.5%. All the factors were assessed using a Plackett–Burman design (PBD) to eliminate non-significant factors. Furthermore, a central composite design (CCD) was employed to explore significant interactions among the factors. The quadratic model generated (R2 = 0.9723) fitted the data well. The optimised conditions from the CCD were 160 °C, 20 min, 0.16 g/cm3, and 12.5% (v/v), with improved oil sorption from 74.5% (OFAT) to 78.89% (RSM).

Funder

Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) and Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Majlis Amanah Rakyat

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

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1. Factors Affecting Biosorption Efficiency;Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies;2024-04-26

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