Feasibility Study of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination Unit Powered by Photovoltaic Panels for a Sustainable Water Supply in Algeria

Author:

Tigrine Zahia1,Aburideh Hanene1,Zioui Djamila1,Hout Sarra1,Sahraoui Naima2,Benchoubane Yasmine2,Izem Amina2,Tassalit Djilali1,Yahiaoui Fatma Zohra1,Khateb Mohamed3,Drouiche Nadjib45,Lebouachera Seif El Islam67ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Unité de Développement des Equipements Solaires (UDES), Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER), Route Nationale N°11, Bou-Ismail 42415, Algeria

2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Process Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Algiers 16111, Algeria

3. Usine de Dessalement d’Eau de Mer, Fouka 42000, Algeria

4. Centre de Recherche en Technologie Semi-Conducteurs pour l’Energétique, Division CCPM, N2, Bd Dr. Frantz Fanon, Algiers 16038, Algeria

5. Agence Nationale de Valorisation des Résultats de la Recherche et du Développement Téchnologique, 11 Chemin Doudou Mokhtar, Ben Aknoun, Algiers 16028, Algeria

6. Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, IPREM, UMR 5254, CNRS Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S, 2 Avenue P. Angot, Technopôle Hélioparc, 64000 Pau, France

7. Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, TotalEnergies, LFCR, Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600 Anglet, France

Abstract

In recent years, reverse osmosis water desalination has developed rapidly and has become the most competitive and widely used technology in the world. The number of desalination plants is increasing rapidly as freshwater needs increase. Various membrane technologies have been developed and improved, including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO), whose desalination costs have been relatively reduced. Therefore, this work proposes an experimental study for a small desalination unit based on RO generated by renewable energy, which is mainly suitable for arid regions or desert areas that do not have electricity and water and can be applied for emergency treatment to meet strong freshwater resource needs. In this study, to meet the drinking water demand, a reverse osmosis desalination system is designed and evaluated in order to improve and optimize its operation. This system has a daily capacity of 2 m3. We used brackish groundwater, which has been characterized as reference water, to produce synthetic water for different salinities until seawater. The analysis is based on data obtained from experiments carried out in the standalone RO pilot designed for the production of fresh water. For this purpose, we conducted relevant experiments to examine the influence of applied pressure, salt concentration and temperature on the RO membrane performance. The effects of different factors that affect the energy consumption in the RO desalination process were analyzed, and those with significant influence were explored. The effectiveness of RO desalination coupled with a photovoltaic (PV) energy system is shown. We found the recovery rate for system operation to be 32%. An optimization study is presented for the operation of an autonomous RO desalination system powered by photovoltaic panels. The energy produced by the PV system was used to feed two pumps forthe production of drinking waterwithanRO membrane, under the conditions of the town of Bou-Ismail. As results, a 3 kWp PV system was installed based on the energy demand. The design data have shown that a 3 kWp PV system can power a 1.8 W RO load given the Bou-Ismail climate. Energy consumption in the case study under Bou-Ismail weather conditions were analyzed. The desalination of brackish water at a TDS value of 5 g/L requires an energy of about 1.5 kWh/m3. Using seawater at a TDS value of 35 g/L, this value increases to 5.6 kWh/m3. The results showed that the optimal recovery rate for system operation was determined to be 32% for a feedwater salinity of 35 g/L, and 80% for a feedwater salinity of 1 g/L.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Geography, Planning and Development,Building and Construction

Reference58 articles.

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